The lamina propria is the connective-tissue layer beneath the epithelium of a mucosa. It contains supporting cells, vessels and immune components. Its position links epithelial exchange with the deeper tissue environment while remaining distinct from the lumen.

The muscularis mucosae is a thin smooth-muscle layer associated with the gastrointestinal mucosa. It supports local movements of the mucosal region. It is distinct from the larger outer muscle layers generating much of whole-segment mixing and propulsion.

The rectum is the terminal large-intestinal region before the anal canal. Its storage and sensory properties contribute to controlled defecation. Distension, muscular activity and outlet coordination are different components of the resulting behavior.

The intestinal lumen is the internal space through which gut contents pass. It is separated from underlying tissues and circulation by the intestinal epithelium. Material within the lumen has therefore entered the digestive tract without necessarily being absorbed into the body.

IP multicast sends an Internet Protocol datagram to a group identified by a multicast IP address. Delivery retains the underlying best-effort nature of Internet Protocol.

A fresh internal name introduced during compilation to hold an intermediate result. Its lifetime and uses can be exposed to instruction selection and allocation of processor registers; it need not correspond to a variable named in the source.

For an integer $n$ to be factored, John Pollard's method chooses an integer $a$ coprime to $n$ and an exponent $M$ divisible by many small prime powers. Compute $d=\gcd (a^M-1,n)$ by modular exponentiation and the Euclidean algorithm. If $1<d<n$, it is a proper divisor. If a prime divisor $p$ of $n$ has $p-1\mid M$, Fermat's little theorem ensures $p\mid d$; success requires some other prime divisor not to divide $a^M-1$. Common choices are $M=B!$ and $M=\mathrm{lcm}(1,\dots ,B)$. The method exploits a smooth $p-1$, rather than a small divisor $p$ itself.

For a Turing machine, the one-step binary relation between Turing machine configurations specified by its Turing machine instructions. Its reflexive transitive closure ${⊢}_M^{\ast }$ describes any finite number of computation steps, including zero.

An inode number identifies an allocated inode within one file system. A directory entry stores a name and this number; it does not normally store the file data block addresses. Different volumes can reuse the same number for unrelated files, and a reclaimed number can later be reused on the same volume. This is therefore a local, current identity, rather than a permanent identifier.

A persistent collection of inodes indexed by inode numbers in an inode-based file system. The same term can also denote an operating system's in-memory collection of active inodes; these must be distinguished. A persistent table belongs to a particular volume, while the system-wide active collection keys entries by both volume identity and inode number.

An address in a traditional inode-based file system that points to a block of further disk block numbers, rather than directly to user contents. If a block can store $q$ addresses, one singly indirect block can locate up to $q$ file data blocks, and a doubly indirect arrangement can locate up to $q^2$. The address blocks themselves consume allocated storage and must be reclaimed when their file no longer needs them. This lets small files use a short direct layout while supporting larger files.

An inflorescence with a thickened axis bearing closely attached flowers, commonly associated with a spathe.

An inflorescence with stalks arising together at the top of a peduncle.^[ref]

The stalk of one flower within an inflorescence.

An inflorescence of closely packed flowers on a common expanded support, as in the common daisy.

Material that leaves the blood vessels during inflammation. Historical theories of its formation and removal should be distinguished from current pathology.

Fluid and associated material leaving the blood circulation because of altered vascular permeability, typically during inflammation. Its composition differs from fluid accumulating mainly through pressure or protein-balance changes.

An organized aggregate of immune cells, commonly including activated macrophages. It is a pattern of tissue response with infectious and noninfectious causes, not a synonym for tuberculosis.

A localized collection of pus.

Inflammation of the synovial lining of an anatomical joint. It can cause swelling and contribute to tissue injury through infectious, autoimmune or other mechanisms.