Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2023 iii Paper 202 6 c Solution 2026-09-28
For each , the bounded local martingale is a true martingale. Taking expectations givesfor every . Thus equals its convolution with every heat kernel. The convolution is smooth, so the originally Borel function is smooth. Differentiating the heat semigroup identity at gives , so is a bounded harmonic function on the plane. The Harmonic Liouville theorem now implies that is constant.