BeiDou is a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) developed by China. It is named after the Big Dipper constellation (Bei Dou in Chinese), and its development is part of China's efforts to establish an independent satellite navigation capability. The BeiDou system provides accurate positioning, navigation, and timing services for users worldwide.

RV Coriolis II is a research vessel operated by the Canadian government, specifically by the Institute of Ocean Sciences and Fisheries and Oceans Canada. It is a state-of-the-art platform used for conducting oceanographic and environmental research, contributing to the understanding of marine ecosystems, ocean currents, and climate change. The vessel is equipped with advanced scientific instrumentation and technology, enabling scientists to collect data related to various aspects of ocean health, including water quality, marine life, and sediment composition.

RV Falkor is a research vessel operated by the Schmidt Ocean Institute, a non-profit organization dedicated to advancing oceanographic research and exploration. The vessel is equipped with state-of-the-art technology and instruments for conducting various types of marine research, including deep-sea exploration, oceanographic studies, and environmental monitoring. RV Falkor is designed to support scientific expeditions around the world, providing scientists with the capability to explore and study marine environments and ecosystems.

RV Mirabilis is a red giant star located in the constellation Centaurus. It is notable for being a variable star, specifically classified as a Mira-type variable star. Mira-type variables are characterized by their dramatic changes in brightness, which can range significantly over a period of time. RV Mirabilis typically undergoes a pulsation period of approximately 11 months, during which its brightness can vary greatly.

RV Onnuri is a South Korean research vessel operated by the Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST). The name "Onnuri" translates to "the world" or "global" in Korean, reflecting its mission to conduct various scientific research activities in oceanography. The RV Onnuri is equipped with advanced technology and instruments for studying marine ecosystems, ocean dynamics, climate change, and other oceanographic phenomena.

Asafoetida, also known as "hing," is a potent spice derived from the resin of the Ferula plant, mainly Ferula assa-foetida. It is native to the regions of Iran and Afghanistan and is widely used in Indian cuisine, particularly in vegetarian dishes, due to its strong flavor and aroma. The spice has a pungent, garlic-like smell when raw, but it becomes mellow and flavorful when cooked.

DORIS (Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite) is a satellite-based positioning system used primarily for precise orbit determination. It was developed by the French National Centre for Space Studies (CNES) in collaboration with various international partners. DORIS is particularly notable for its ability to provide accurate measurements of the satellites' orbits by using a network of ground beacons that transmit radio signals.

Apiol, also known as parsley seed oil or 4-allyl-1,2-dimethoxybenzene, is a chemical compound primarily derived from the seeds of plants in the Apiaceae family, particularly from parsley (Petroselinum crispum). It is known for its strong aroma and is often used in traditional herbal medicine, aromatherapy, and as a flavoring agent in food products.

Austrian resin extraction typically refers to the method of collecting resin from pine trees, particularly from the species that thrive in Austria and surrounding regions. This practice has historical significance, especially in the context of producing turpentine and rosin, which have various industrial and medicinal applications. The extraction process generally involves: 1. **Tapping**: Making incisions in the bark of the pine trees to access the resin. These incisions allow the resin to flow out and collect in containers.

Balm of Gilead, often referenced in historical, medicinal, and biblical contexts, typically refers to a healing substance derived from the resin of certain plants. The term is closely associated with the biblical region of Gilead, which was known for its medicinal plants. In ancient times, Balm of Gilead was used as a remedy for various ailments, and it is mentioned in the Bible, notably in the book of Jeremiah, as a symbol of healing and comfort.

Balsam of Peru is a natural resin derived from the tree known scientifically as *Myroxylon balsamum*, which is native to Central America and parts of South America, particularly in countries like Guatemala and El Salvador. The resin is often harvested from the trunk of the tree and has a rich, warm scent that is used in various applications.

The cashew is a tropical tree species, scientifically known as *Anacardium occidentale*. It is native to South America but is now grown in various tropical regions around the world, including Africa, India, and Southeast Asia. The tree produces two principal products: the cashew nut and the cashew apple. 1. **Cashew Nut**: The cashew nut is the seed of the cashew tree and is widely consumed as a snack and ingredient in various dishes.

Coniferous resin salve is a topical ointment or balm made primarily from the resin of coniferous trees, such as pine, spruce, and fir. These resins are known for their natural antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties. The salve may also contain other natural ingredients, such as oils, beeswax, and essential oils, to enhance its therapeutic effects and improve its texture for easy application.

Convolvulus scammonia, commonly known as scammony, is a perennial climbing plant belonging to the bindweed family (Convolvulaceae). It is native to regions of the eastern Mediterranean, particularly in countries such as Turkey, Greece, and parts of North Africa. The plant is notable for its thick, tuberous roots, which contain a resinous sap called scammony.

Impregnation resin refers to a type of synthetic resin used in various industrial and manufacturing processes, particularly for enhancing materials' properties. These resins are typically low-viscosity liquids that can penetrate and fill the pores or voids in substrates, such as wood, ceramics, metals, or composites. The process of impregnation involves saturating the substrate with the resin, followed by curing or hardening, which can be achieved through heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.

Mastic is a natural resin obtained from the mastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus), which is predominantly found on the Mediterranean islands, especially the island of Chios in Greece. The resin has been harvested for thousands of years and is known for its aromatic properties and various uses. ### Characteristics: - **Appearance**: Mastic resin usually appears as small, tear-shaped droplets or "tears" that are translucent and can range from yellow to brown in color.

Myrrh is a natural resin obtained from the Commiphora species of trees, which are native to regions in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Historically, myrrh has been valued for its aromatic properties and has been used for various purposes such as incense, perfumes, and traditional medicine. In ancient times, myrrh was one of the gifts presented to Jesus by the Magi, symbolizing its significance and value.

Oleoresin is a natural extract obtained from plants that contains both essential oil and resin components. It is created through processes such as solvent extraction or steam distillation. Oleoresins are concentrated extracts that capture the flavor, aroma, and sometimes color of the original plant material, making them popular in various applications, particularly in the food, fragrance, and pharmaceutical industries.

Resin acid refers to a group of naturally occurring organic compounds, primarily obtained from the distillation of certain plant resins, particularly those derived from coniferous trees like pine. The most common type of resin acid is abietic acid, which is a major component of the rosin obtained from pine trees. Resin acids are characterized by their chemical structure, which typically includes a bicyclic structure with carboxylic acid groups.

Sagapenum is a plant-based substance obtained from the resin of certain species of the Ferula genus, particularly Ferula gummosa. It has traditionally been used in herbal medicine and as a flavoring agent. Sagapenum is known for its strong, aromatic properties and has been utilized in various culinary dishes, as well as in traditional remedies, particularly in Middle Eastern and Indian cultures.