An **external ray** is a concept in the field of complex dynamics, particularly in the study of Julia sets and the Mandelbrot set. It is used to describe a ray emanating from a point in the complex plane that enters or exits a fractal set. In more precise terms, external rays are typically defined in relation to a point on the boundary of a Julia set or the Mandelbrot set.

Mezcalera Ocean refers to a brand or product within the mezcal category, which is a traditional Mexican spirit made from the agave plant. Mezcal typically has a distinct smoky flavor due to the production process, which often involves roasting the agave hearts in underground pits.

The Tyndall effect is the scattering of light by particles in a colloid or in very fine suspensions. This phenomenon occurs when light passes through a medium containing small particles that are larger than molecules but smaller than what can be seen with the naked eye, typically ranging from about 1 nm to 1 µm in size. When a beam of light strikes these particles, it is scattered in various directions, which can make the path of the light beam visible.

The National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), which is now part of the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), is a division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in the United States. It is responsible for collecting, preserving, and disseminating climate and weather data. The NCDC/NCEI serves as the nation's archive for climate data, including weather observations, climate monitoring, and related research.

The North Pacific Exploring and Surveying Expedition, often referred to as the United States Exploring Expedition, was a significant maritime mission conducted by the United States during the mid-19th century, primarily between 1853 and 1856. The expedition was tasked with mapping and surveying the North Pacific region, including areas along the coasts of present-day Alaska, the Aleutian Islands, and parts of the Pacific Northwest.

The Observatoire Océanologique de Villefranche (OOV) is a research institute located in Villefranche-sur-Mer, France, near Nice. It is part of the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) and is affiliated with the University of Côte d'Azur. The OOV focuses on oceanographic research and studies the physical, chemical, and biological processes in marine environments, particularly in the Mediterranean Sea.

Ocean reanalysis is a scientific method that integrates various types of oceanographic observations with numerical ocean models to produce a comprehensive, consistent, and time-evolving estimate of the state of the ocean. This process aims to create a high-quality dataset of ocean conditions across time, which can be used for research, climate studies, and operational applications.

Telepresence technology refers to a set of technologies that enable individuals to feel as though they are present at a location different from their physical location. This is achieved through a combination of audio, video, and sometimes haptic or other sensory feedback systems, creating an immersive experience that allows for interactive communication and collaboration.

Pelagic red clay is a type of sediment found on the ocean floor, primarily in deep-sea environments. It consists mainly of fine particles that have settled out of the water column and typically contains a mixture of clay minerals, biogenic materials (such as the remains of microorganisms), and varying proportions of iron, which gives it a reddish color. Pelagic red clay is typically associated with areas of the ocean that are far from continental landmasses, where sedimentation rates are low.

RAFOS floats are drifting oceanographic floats used for studying ocean currents and temperature profiles in the ocean. The name RAFOS stands for "RAFOS" (an acronym derived from "RAFOS" that stands for "Rationale for the Acoustic Tracking of floats"). These floats are designed to be deployed in the ocean where they drift with currents, allowing scientists to track their movements and gather data on the ocean's physical properties over time.

The term "Rapid Climate Change-Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heatflux Array" refers to a specific scientific initiative or research program aimed at understanding the impacts of rapid climate change on the ocean's Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) and associated heat fluxes.

Remineralization is the process by which minerals are redeposited in tissues after being removed. It is often discussed in various contexts, including dental health, environmental science, and even bone health. Here are a few key areas where remineralization is particularly relevant: 1. **Dental Health**: In dentistry, remineralization refers to the process of restoring minerals to tooth enamel that has been demineralized due to acid attacks from bacteria in plaque or dietary acids.

The Rosette sampler is a type of computational tool used in statistical modeling and machine learning, particularly in the context of generative models. It is designed to facilitate efficient sampling from complex probability distributions. The term "Rosette" can refer to different tools or algorithms in various domains, but in this context, it generally relates to methods used for sampling from distributions that may not be easily tractable.

Omar Khayyam Square is a prominent public space located in the city of Nishapur, Iran, which is known as the birthplace of the famous Persian poet, mathematician, and astronomer Omar Khayyam. The square often features monuments or statues dedicated to Khayyam, celebrating his contributions to literature and science, particularly his renowned work, the "Rubaiyat.