Maria Prandini is not a widely recognized public figure, concept, or term based on the information available up to October 2023. It’s possible that she could be a private individual, a professional in a niche field, or a character from a specific work of fiction.
POLARBEAR (Polarization Observing Realizaion for Cosmology, Astrophysics, and Relativity) is a scientific experiment designed to study the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, particularly its polarization. The CMB is a remnant from the Big Bang and carries crucial information about the early universe's conditions, structure, and evolution.
The Malthusian growth model, named after the English economist and demographer Thomas Robert Malthus, describes how populations grow in relation to resources, particularly food supply. Malthus introduced his theories in the late 18th century in his work "An Essay on the Principle of Population." ### Key Features of the Malthusian Growth Model: 1. **Exponential Population Growth**: The model suggests that populations tend to grow exponentially when resources are abundant.
Microbial population biology is a subfield of biology that focuses on the study of microbial populations, which include bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses, and other microorganisms. This discipline examines the dynamics of these populations, including how they grow, interact, evolve, and respond to different environmental conditions.
Pest insect population dynamics refers to the study of how pest insect populations change over time and space, influenced by various ecological, environmental, and biological factors. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for managing pest species and minimizing their impact on agriculture, forestry, and human health. Key concepts in pest insect population dynamics include: 1. **Population Growth**: Pest populations can grow rapidly under favorable conditions, typically described by mathematical models such as the exponential and logistic growth models.
Kemalism, named after Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of modern Turkey, is a political, social, and cultural ideology that emphasizes nationalism, secularism, modernization, and reform. It emerged in the early 20th century as a response to the decline of the Ottoman Empire and the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923.
Hromada is a name associated with a secret society that originated in Ukraine. Founded in the late 19th century, specifically in 1891, it was created by Ukrainian students in Lviv, who were motivated by a desire to promote Ukrainian culture and national identity within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The society combined elements of nationalism, cultural revival, and social activism.
Mesoporous materials are a class of porous materials that have pore sizes typically ranging from 2 to 50 nanometers. They fall between microporous materials (with pore sizes less than 2 nm) and macroporous materials (with pore sizes greater than 50 nm).
2014 SV349 is a trans-Neptunian object (TNO) located in the outer regions of our Solar System. It was discovered on September 22, 2014, during the Pan-STARRS survey. This object is classified as a "distant" Kuiper Belt Object (KBO), which means it orbits the Sun at a significant distance beyond the orbit of Neptune.
Power system protection refers to the methods and technologies used to protect electrical power systems from faults, failures, and abnormal conditions. The primary goal of power system protection is to ensure the safety and reliability of the electrical grid, minimize damage to equipment, facilitate quick restoration of service after disturbances, and protect personnel working with or near the electrical system.
Rational reconstruction is a method used in philosophy, particularly in the areas of social sciences and epistemology. It involves the process of taking a phenomenon, concept, or historical event and reconstructing it in a way that emphasizes its rationality, coherence, and systematic understanding. The aim is to determine the underlying principles, assumptions, or logical structures that inform a particular theory, practice, or set of beliefs.
Empirical Dynamic Modeling (EDM) is a framework used to analyze complex, nonlinear systems, particularly in the context of ecological and environmental data. Developed primarily in the field of ecology, EDM provides tools for understanding dynamic systems without requiring predefined models or assumptions about the underlying processes. It relies on data-driven approaches to capture the interplay between variables over time.
Franco Pacini is a prominent Italian physicist known for his contributions to the field of astrophysics. He has made significant advancements in understanding various aspects of stellar dynamics, pulsars, and cosmic phenomena. His research often involves theoretical models and observational data to explore the behavior of celestial bodies.
Superconductivity by Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16
Experiments:
Video 1.
20. Fermi gases, BEC-BCS crossover by Wolfgang Ketterle (2014)
Source. Part of the "Atomic and Optical Physics" series, uploaded by MIT OpenCourseWare.
Actually goes into the equations.
Notably, youtu.be/O_zjGYvP4Ps?t=3278 describes extremely briefly an experimental setup that more directly observes pair condensation.
Video 2.
Superconductivity and Quantum Mechanics at the Macro-Scale - 1 of 2 by Steven Kivelson (2016)
Source. For the Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics. Gives a reasonable basis overview, but does not go into the meat of BCS it at the end.
Video 3.
The Map of Superconductivity by Domain of Science
. Source. Lacking as usual, but this one is particularly good as the author used to work on the area as he mentions in the video.
Media:
Transition into superconductivity can be seen as a phase transition, which happens to be a second-order phase transition.
webpack/template by Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16
../webpack/template contains a reasonable starter template.
This will produce, under dist/ the following minimized files:
You can also run this test with the development server on localhost:9000:
npm start
which uses unminimized outptus, and automatically push reloads the page whenever you change any of the input files!
Hyperfine structure by Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16
Small splits present in all levels due to interaction between the electron spin and the nuclear spin if it is present, i.e. the nucleus has an even number of nucleons.
As the name suggests, this energy split is very small, since the influence of the nucleus spin on the electron spin is relatively small compared to other fine structure.
TODO confirm: does it need quantum electrodynamics or is the Dirac equation enough?
The most important examples:

Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project

Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
We have two killer features:
  1. topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculus
    Articles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
    • a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
    • a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
    This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
    Figure 1.
    Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page
    . View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivative
  2. local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:
    This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
    Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally.
    Video 3.
    Edit locally and publish demo
    . Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension.
  3. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook-media/master/feature/x/hilbert-space-arrow.png
  4. Infinitely deep tables of contents:
    Figure 6.
    Dynamic article tree with infinitely deep table of contents
    .
    Descendant pages can also show up as toplevel e.g.: ourbigbook.com/cirosantilli/chordate-subclade
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact