Bell pair 2026-10-07
A Bell pair consists of two qubits prepared jointly in a Bell state. It is a maximally entangled two-qubit resource with Schmidt rank two. Two independent Bell pairs have resource Schmidt rank four across the same party partition.
Exact singlet verification accepts the spin singlet state with certainty, rejects every orthogonal state, and preserves the singlet on acceptance. Each nonzero accepting Kraus operator is then a scalar multiple of the singlet projector, whose operator Schmidt rank is four. The local Kraus rank bound from an entangled resource excludes a single shared Bell pair, which has Schmidt rank two. Two shared Bell pairs suffice by a Bell-state nondemolition measurement followed by reporting whether its label is the singlet. This protocol may disturb triplet coherence. The rank bound concerns the resource Schmidt rank, and is not an entropy lower bound of two bits for arbitrary resource states.
Choose a shared random axis uniformly from , perform its entanglement-assisted nondemolition parity measurement with one Bell pair, and accept the anticorrelated parity. The spin singlet state always passes unchanged. The averaged acceptance operator is , so an orthogonal triplet state passes with probability one third. This is a statistical verifier with a nonzero acceptance gap, rather than an exact single-shot singlet-versus-triplet decision. The Bell-pair cost of exact nondemolition singlet verification concerns the stronger zero-error task.