O.S. Engines, also known as O.S. Engines Co., Ltd., is a Japanese manufacturer known for producing high-quality model engine components, primarily for radio-controlled (RC) model aircraft, cars, boats, and helicopters. Founded in 1936, O.S. Engines has established a reputation for innovation and precision in the RC hobby industry. The company specializes in both two-stroke and four-stroke engines, as well as electric motors and associated products. O.S.

A remote control locomotive is a type of model train or full-scale train that can be operated wirelessly using a remote control device. These locomotives are equipped with a receiver and other electronic components that allow them to respond to signals sent from the remote control, enabling the operator to control movement, speed, and sometimes other functions like lights and sound. **Types:** 1.

Secular equilibrium is a concept in nuclear physics and radiochemistry that describes a situation in a system with multiple radioactive isotopes, where the activity (rate of decay) of a parent isotope is equal to the activity of its daughter isotopes over a long period of time. This occurs when the half-life of the parent isotope is much longer than that of its daughter isotopes.

Civil defense Geiger counters are radiation detection devices specifically designed for use in civil defense and emergency management scenarios. These instruments are utilized to detect and measure ionizing radiation, including alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. Their primary purpose is to help identify radioactive contamination following nuclear accidents, radiological dispersal device (RDD) incidents, or during nuclear warfare events. **Key Features of Civil Defense Geiger Counters:** 1.

An extinct radionuclide refers to a radioactive isotope that was once present in significant amounts in the solar system or on Earth but has now become completely non-existent due to radioactive decay. These isotopes have short half-lives compared to the age of the solar system, leading them to decay completely over time.

Metamictisation is a process that occurs primarily in certain minerals, especially zircon and other uranium-containing silicate minerals, where the crystalline structure becomes disordered due to the accumulation of radiation damage over time. This damage typically results from the decay of radioactive isotopes present within the mineral, such as uranium and thorium. As these isotopes decay, they emit alpha particles and other forms of radiation, which displace atoms in the crystal lattice, leading to a gradual breakdown of the ordered structure.

Particle radiation refers to the emission of particles that are energetic and can carry significant amounts of energy. This type of radiation is typically composed of charged or neutral particles, including: 1. **Alpha Particles**: Consisting of two protons and two neutrons, alpha particles are relatively heavy and have a positive charge. They are emitted during radioactive decay of heavy elements like uranium and radium.

Stanford E. Woosley is a prominent American astrophysicist known for his research in the fields of stellar evolution, supernovae, and nuclear astrophysics. He has made significant contributions to the understanding of how stars explode and the processes involved in the formation of heavy elements in the universe.

Radioactive decay is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation. This process results in the transformation of the original atom (known as the parent isotope) into a different atom or a different isotope of the same element (known as the daughter isotope). Radioactive decay can occur in several forms, including: 1. **Alpha Decay**: The nucleus emits an alpha particle, which consists of two protons and two neutrons (similar to a helium nucleus).

David Jenkinson is a common name, so it could refer to various individuals in different fields such as academia, business, sports, or the arts. Without additional context, it's difficult to pinpoint which David Jenkinson you are referring to.

E. L. Moore, or Everett Lee Moore, was an influential American mathematician and educator known primarily for his work in topology, particularly in the area of general topology and the theory of compact spaces. Born in 1910 and passing in 2000, Moore made significant contributions to the field of mathematics and is also noted for his work in mathematics education.

A synthetic radioisotope is a type of radioactive isotope that is not naturally occurring but is artificially created through nuclear reactions or processes. These radioisotopes are produced in laboratories or nuclear reactors by bombarding stable isotopes with particles, such as neutrons or protons. Synthetic radioisotopes have a wide range of applications, including in medical diagnostics and treatment (e.g.

As of my last update in October 2021, there is no widely recognized term or entity known as "Bob Grubba." It's possible that it could refer to a specific person, a character, or a term that has gained relevance after that date, or it might simply be a name that isn't widely known.

Stanley A. Klein is a notable psychologist known for his research and contributions in the field of psychology, particularly in areas like social psychology, perception, and cognitive processes. He has published numerous studies and articles exploring various aspects of human behavior and cognition. In addition to his academic work, Klein has been involved in teaching and mentoring students in psychology.

Iain Rice is a name that could refer to multiple individuals, but he is most commonly known as a British author and speaker, particularly in the field of model railroading. Rice has written numerous books and articles on the subject, providing insights into modeling techniques, history, and project ideas for enthusiasts.

Levon Kemalyan is the name of an Armenian artist known for his work in various mediums, including painting and design. He is particularly recognized for his contributions to contemporary art and his exploration of themes related to culture and identity.

The Ragsdale conjecture is a statement in the field of mathematics, specifically in real algebraic geometry and combinatorial geometry. Proposed by R. H. Ragsdale in 1916, the conjecture pertains to the maximum number of regions into which a certain type of hyperplane arrangement can divide Euclidean space. More specifically, the conjecture deals with the number of regions formed in three-dimensional space by the intersections of a set of hyperplanes.

Ernő Rubik is a Hungarian architect and professor of architecture, best known as the inventor of the Rubik's Cube, a 3D combination puzzle that became an iconic toy worldwide. He created the Rubik's Cube in 1974 as a teaching tool to help students understand spatial relationships. The cube gained international popularity in the 1980s and has since become one of the best-selling puzzles of all time.

Model railroads are miniature versions of rail systems that enthusiasts create for hobby or display purposes. They typically consist of scaled-down models of trains, tracks, landscapes, buildings, and other elements found in real railroad operations. Model railroading involves various aspects such as design, building, and operating these miniature systems, and it can encompass a wide variety of scales (sizes), from HO scale (1:87) to N scale (1:160) and larger gauges like G scale.

Narrow gauge railway modelling refers to the hobby of creating scale models of narrow gauge railways, which are railways that use tracks with a smaller than standard distance between the rails. Standard gauge is typically 4 feet 8.5 inches (1,435 mm), while narrow gauge can range from as little as 15 inches (381 mm) up to 3 feet (914 mm).