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A connection between blood vessels through which flow can pass. In angiogenesis, joining sprouts helps turn isolated extensions into a connected circulation.[ref]
Angiogenesis in Inflammation and the Microcirculation. Chapter 6, sprouting and connections between vessels
Arterial and venous vessels accompanying the obturator nerve through the obturator canal.
The internal pudendal vessels are the arterial and venous pathways associated with supply and drainage of much of the perineal region. They travel with the pudendal neurovascular bundle. A shared course is anatomically useful without implying identical flow direction or physiological control.
The tunica intima is the innermost region of a blood-vessel wall, including the endothelium and associated underlying material. It forms the interface with flowing blood. Its structure is therefore important for both transport and blood-wall interactions.
The tunica media is the middle layer of many blood-vessel walls, containing smooth muscle and varying amounts of elastic and connective material. Its composition affects force generation and recoil. The relative thickness and organization differ between vessel classes.
The tunica adventitia is the outer supporting layer of many blood-vessel walls. It contains connective tissue and can carry nerves and small wall-supplying vessels. Its anchoring role differs from the luminal interface of the tunica intima.
Vasa vasorum are small vessels supplying the walls of larger blood vessels. Diffusion from the main lumen alone may not adequately supply a thick vessel wall. Their distribution therefore reflects the transport needs of the vascular wall itself.
A preparation derived from donated blood, such as a cellular component or blood plasma-derived material. Product identity determines its biological purpose; the phrase does not describe one uniform replacement fluid.
Hyperglycaemia is an elevated blood-glucose concentration under the applicable measurement conditions. It is a concentration-based description, not a direct measurement of glucose uptake by every tissue. Increased production, reduced uptake and altered hormonal control can contribute through different mechanisms.
Venous return is blood flow returning toward the heart. Over a stable interval it balances cardiac output, but transient storage changes can occur. Venous pressures, compliance, surrounding muscle activity and breathing contribute to the return pathway.
Vascular resistance relates pressure drop to flow through a vascular segment or network. The ratio defines an effective resistance for the stated conditions. Changes in vessel radius, fluid properties or network arrangement can alter it; a living vascular bed need not behave as one fixed linear resistor.
Haemostasis limits blood loss after vascular injury through interacting vascular, platelet and coagulation processes. Forming a stable local seal and maintaining flow elsewhere are competing constraints. A measured clotting reaction therefore represents one component rather than the entire physiological response.
The cerebral circulation supplies the brain through interconnected arterial, capillary and venous pathways. Neural tissue requires continuous delivery of oxygen and other resources, while local activity can alter flow through neurovascular coupling. Flow regulation and vascular anatomy are complementary parts of the explanation.
The fetal vascular arrangement, with placental gas exchange and shunts including the ductus venosus, foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus. It differs from established postnatal pulmonary circulation.
An arterial reservoir, venous reservoir and a left ventricle exchange flows . Their volume balances are , , and . Ideal one-way valves give , ; systemic resistance gives . Summing the three equations verifies total mass conservation for incompressible blood.
Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project
Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
Intro to OurBigBook
. Source. We have two killer features:
- topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculusArticles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
- a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
- a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
Figure 1. Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page. View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivativeVideo 2. OurBigBook Web topics demo. Source. - local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
- to OurBigBook.com to get awesome multi-user features like topics and likes
- as HTML files to a static website, which you can host yourself for free on many external providers like GitHub Pages, and remain in full control
Figure 2. You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either OurBigBook.com or as a static website.
Figure 3. Visual Studio Code extension installation.
Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally. Video 3. Edit locally and publish demo. Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension. 
- Infinitely deep tables of contents:
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact