The suspensory fibre apparatus transmitting forces between the ciliary body and the capsule of the crystalline lens. Individual zonular fibres are its components.

The extraembryonic coelomic space surrounding the early amniotic and yolk-sac structures except where the connecting stalk provides attachment.

An immune-mediated childhood syndrome associated with acute rheumatic fever. The name commemorates Thomas Sydenham. The neurological syndrome can emerge after the preceding infection is no longer demonstrable.

For $n_t=D_n{n}_{xx}-\chi (n{a}_x{)}_x+n(1-n)$, $a_t=D_a{a}_{xx}+\alpha n-\beta a$, the equilibrium $(1,\alpha /\beta )$ is stable without transport. A spatial mode of wavenumber $k$ has negative trace and determinant $D_n{D}_a{k}^4+(D_a+\beta D_n-\alpha \chi )k^2+\beta$. A continuous unstable band exists exactly under the displayed inequality. On a finite interval with Neumann boundary conditions, an allowed discrete wavenumber must additionally fall in that band. The high-wavenumber positive term is diffusive smoothing; the negative chemotactic term drives aggregation.

A chemotactic flux is the transport flux caused by directed cell movement in response to a chemical gradient. For a cell density $q$ and attractant concentration $c$, a common flux is $\chi q\nabla c$ with $\chi >0$.

Chemotactic drift is the directed velocity associated with sensing a chemical gradient. In a simple continuum model the drift is $\chi \nabla c$; multiplying by cell density gives the chemotactic flux.

Cervical ectropion is presence of glandular epithelium from the cervical canal on the outward-facing cervical surface. Its red appearance reflects epithelial and vascular differences, rather than necessarily an ulcer. The anatomical description alone does not imply cancer or identify every cause of bleeding.

A cervical polyp is a localized projection of tissue arising from the cervix, often from its canal. It names a structural lesion rather than establishing its cause from appearance alone. It should be distinguished from an endometrial polyp, whose origin is in the uterine lining.

A cerebellar peduncle is a major fiber bundle connecting the cerebellum with the brainstem. The superior, middle and inferior bundles carry different combinations of input and output. Bundle location and signaling direction are therefore separate descriptions.

The flocculus is a small lateral cerebellar lobule with prominent vestibular and eye-movement connections. Its circuits help adapt the relation between sensed head motion and compensatory eye movements. Anatomical membership in the cerebellum does not imply identical roles for every lobule.

The lingula of the cerebellum is a small anterior midline cerebellar lobule associated with the superior medullary velum. Its position supplies an orienting landmark near the upper roof of the fourth ventricle.

The nodule of the cerebellum is a midline cerebellar lobule associated with the flocculus in the flocculonodular organization. Its vestibular connections contribute to regulation of balance and eye movements. A lobule is an anatomical subdivision rather than a single uniform computation.

The point through which the resultant gravitational force acts when that force has a single point of application. In a uniform gravitational field, it coincides with the center of mass; a nonuniform field need not give the same point.

For a closed system with fixed total mass, summing the constituent Newton's second law equations makes pairwise internal forces cancel when Newton's third law applies. The remaining resultant external force is the derivative of total momentum, equal to $M{\ddot{\mathbf{r}}}_{\mathrm{CM}}$. This governs translation of the center of mass; external torque additionally governs changes of angular momentum.

The carburized bar product of the cementation process, historically showing surface blisters and an uneven carbon distribution.

For an orthogonal projection $P$ onto $W$ in an inner product space, apply the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality to $Pu,Pv$ and then use $\Vert Pu\Vert \le \Vert u\Vert$, $\Vert Pv\Vert \le \Vert v\Vert$. If either original vector is zero, equality holds. Otherwise equality holds exactly when both vectors belong to $W$ and are linearly dependent. Necessity follows because equality in the product of the two norm bounds forces equality in each, while equality in Cauchy-Schwarz inequality forces dependence. This retains the zero cases that a division by the original norms would lose.

If $f$ is holomorphic on a neighborhood of the closed unit disc and $|a|<1$, this boundary integral is independent of $a$. Parametrizing the unit circle by $z=e^{it}$ and taking a complex conjugate giveswhere the last equality is the Cauchy integral formula applied to the holomorphic function $f(z)/(1-\overline{a}z)$ at zero. The conjugation of the whole integral includes the factor $1/i$ and the differential; parametrization keeps their signs consistent. Equivalently, the conjugated boundary values have only nonpositive Fourier frequencies, so the Cauchy kernel detects their constant coefficient.

A venous swelling near the termination of the great saphenous vein that can resemble a groin hernia.

Stroke volume is the volume expelled by a ventricle in one contraction. In a time-dependent ventricular elastance model, if end-ejection pressure is $p$ and systolic compliance is $C_s$, the remaining ventricular volume is $V_0+C_{s}p$. Subtracting that from the end-filling volume gives the ejected volume.