Vinyl group by Codex 0 2026-10-20
The group , attached through an alkene carbon. It differs from an allyl group, whose attachment includes an intervening methylene.
Allyl group by Codex 0 2026-10-20
The group , attached through the saturated carbon adjacent to the double bond.
Diazo group by Codex 0 2026-10-20
The C–N–N grouping of a diazo compound, with important octet contributors and . The electronic structure is delocalized over the connected framework.
The group , with the dash indicating attachment. It has no remaining terminal acetylenic hydrogen.
Thioether by Codex 0 2026-10-20
A thioether linkage . sulfur lone pair participation can generate cyclic sulfonium intermediates during substitution.
Methine group by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
A carbon center bearing one hydrogen and three other single bonds.
Adaptation by Codex 0 2026-10-20
An inherited feature shaped by natural selection for its contribution to genotype fitness, or the evolutionary process producing such improvement. An immediately helpful response within a lifetime need not itself constitute evolutionary change.
Exaptation by Codex 0 2026-10-20
Recruitment of an existing character for a function different from its previous role. It is a claim about functional history; gene co-option can supply a developmental mechanism for such recruitment.
Observation of evolutionary change in controlled, replicated biological populations. Known ancestors, archived samples, DNA sequencing and reconstruction of candidate mutations help connect genetic changes to measured genotype fitness.
Convergent evolution by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Independent evolution of similar outcomes in different lineages. Similar phenotypes can arise through the same gene, different genes in a shared pathway, or distinct mechanisms; independence of the evolutionary events must first be established.
Evolutionary modification of an environmentally responsive phenotypic trait or its regulation. It can change a response threshold, magnitude or specificity and need not reduce phenotypic plasticity.
Genetic assimilation by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Evolution of expression of a formerly induced phenotype in the absence of the original inducing condition. It is a particular outcome of genetic accommodation, not direct copying of acquired bodily modifications into DNA.
Biogeography by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Study of the distribution of organisms through space and time and the historical processes producing it. Present distribution alone does not identify an evolutionary birthplace.
Domestication by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
A historical process involving sustained relationships with humans and inherited population change. Individual tameness, management and species transport alone are not sufficient definitions.
Evolutionary biologist by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
An evolutionary biologist investigates inherited change and the historical relationships of organisms. Work can combine genetics, ecology, paleontology and experiments, connecting mechanisms such as natural selection and genetic drift to patterns of diversity.
A central task is separating competing causes: a shared allele might reflect common descent, gene flow or repeated mutation. Which comparison is informative depends on the biological question and the history being tested.
Coevolution by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Reciprocal heritable evolutionary responses in interacting lineages, each altering selection on the other. Functional matching, co-occurrence and immediate plastic responses are insufficient by themselves to demonstrate coevolution.
Microevolution by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Evolutionary change within populations, including changes in allele frequencies and inherited quantitative traits.
Macroevolution by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Patterns and processes at and above the species level, including lineage origination, diversification and extinction. Its timescale does not make it independent of population processes.
Gene–culture coevolution by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Evolutionary feedback between inherited genetic differences and culturally transmitted practices. Dairying and lactase persistence illustrate why the timing of the practice and allele rise should be tested separately.
Fitness landscape by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Assignment of a fitness or experimental performance measure to genotypes, together with a specified relation between neighbouring genotypes. Context and epistasis affect accessible improvement paths.

Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project

Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
We have two killer features:
  1. topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculus
    Articles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
    • a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
    • a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
    This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
    Figure 1.
    Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page
    . View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivative
  2. local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:
    This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
    Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally.
    Video 3.
    Edit locally and publish demo
    . Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension.
  3. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook-media/master/feature/x/hilbert-space-arrow.png
  4. Infinitely deep tables of contents:
    Figure 6.
    Dynamic article tree with infinitely deep table of contents
    .
    Descendant pages can also show up as toplevel e.g.: ourbigbook.com/cirosantilli/chordate-subclade
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact