Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2022 iii Paper 311 2 d Solution 2026-09-28
Curvature invariants and the electromagnetic invariant diverge at , so it is a genuine curvature singularity, not a coordinate singularity. The causal structures are the higher-dimensional analogues of the familiar four-dimensional diagrams:
- for , there is one nondegenerate horizon and a spacelike singularity, giving the Schwarzschild Penrose diagram;
- for , the outer event horizon and inner Cauchy horizon enclose a region ending at a timelike singularity, with the maximally extended Reissner-Nordström chain of blocks;
- for , the horizon is degenerate with , the singularity remains timelike, and the extremal throat has infinite spatial length.