Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2025 iii Paper 305 2 ii Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25
The condensate transforms as , so its value proportional to the identity produces chiral symmetry breakingThe vacuum manifold is the coset and has three Goldstone modes. A field transforms as . Lorentz invariance and chiral symmetry leave, at two-derivative order, one invariant metric on this coset, soSince the Lagrangian density has dimension four and is dimensionless, the pion decay constant has mass dimension one.