A planetary mass-radius relation compares the sizes of bodies at a given mass. Rock compression, volatile layers, gaseous envelopes, thermal entropy, irradiation, and electron degeneracy produce distinct branches and substantial composition degeneracy.
Hot-Jupiter radius inflation is the anomalously large radius of many strongly irradiated gas giants relative to isolated cooling models. Delayed cooling and energy deposition by tides, atmospheric circulation, or electrical currents are leading contributions.
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