The cool thing about parallel evolution is that it shows how complex phenotype can evolve from very different initial genetic conditions, highlighting the great power of evolution.

We list some cool ones at: polyphyly.

The only isotope found on Earth because it occurs as part of the uranium 238 decay chain, i.e., it is not a primordial nuclide.

Interestingly it is a bit less stable than other isotopesL such as Polonium-208 (3 y) and Polonium-209 (124 y), but those aren't in any Earthly radioactive chain so they don't show up on Earth.

Ah, Ciro Santilli was not expecting this. What a unique mixture of humour, technology, politics and bravery. No wonder it was a box flop, there's something good about this film.

Subgroup of the Poincaré group without translations. Therefore, in those, the spacetime origin is always fixed.

Or in other words, it is as if two observers had their space and time origins at the exact same place. However, their space axes may be rotated, and one may be at a relative speed to the other to create a Lorentz boost. Note however that if they are at relative speeds to one another, then their axes will immediately stop being at the same location in the next moment of time, so things are only valid infinitesimally in that case.

This group is made up of matrix multiplication alone, no need to add the offset vector: space rotations and Lorentz boost only spin around and bend things around the origin.

One definition: set of all 4x4 matrices that keep the Minkowski inner product, mentioned at Physics from Symmetry by Jakob Schwichtenberg (2015) page 63. This then implies:

Proportionality factor in the Planck-Einstein relation between light energy and frequency.

And analogously for matter, appears in the de Broglie relations relating momentum and frequency. Also appears in the Schrödinger equation, basically as a consequence/cause of the de Broglie relations most likely.

Intuitively, the Planck constant determines at what length scale do quantum effects start to show up for a given energy scale. It is because the Plank constant is very small that we don't perceive quantum effects on everyday energy/length/time scales. On the ${\lim }_{h\to 0}$, quantum mechanics disappears entirely.

A very direct way of thinking about it is to think about what would happen in a double-slit experiment. TODO think more clearly what happens there.

Defined exactly in the 2019 redefinition of the SI base units to:

Allows you to connect two adjacent pins of a pin header. Sometimes used as a hardware configuration interface!

Interesting fractal approach to a phylogenetic tree: www.onezoom.org/

Mostly data driven.

Mentioned at: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_transition#Modern_classifications

The more familiar transitions we are familiar with like liquid water into solid water happen at constant temperature.

However, other types of phase transitions we are less familiar in our daily lives happen across a continuum of such "state variables", notably: