Cyclic voltammetry sweeps an electrode potential forward and then reverses the sweep while recording electric current. The resulting current-potential curve probes electron transfer and chemical reactions coupled to it.

An oxidation peak followed by a reduction peak can indicate that an electrode-generated species survives long enough to react on the return sweep. Changing the scan rate changes the experimental timescale; loss of a return peak can therefore reveal a subsequent reaction, although transport and electrode kinetics must also be considered.

A supporting electrolyte is an electrolyte added at a concentration high compared with that of the electroactive analyte. Its ions carry much of the solution electric current, reducing the electric-field-driven migration of the analyte.

The chosen electrolyte should not undergo appreciable interfering electrode reactions in the potential range being studied. It still affects ionic strength and interfacial conditions, so supporting-electrolyte identity is part of an electrochemical measurement's conditions.

Transfer of an electron between chemical species or between a species and an electrode. Its rate depends on driving force, electronic coupling and nuclear/solvent reorganization.

Coupled dissolution of a less noble solid metal and reduction/deposition of a more noble metal ion without an external power supply.

Electrochemical growth of cerium dioxide from dissolved cerium ions. Oxidation of cerium(III) to the solid oxide transfers one electron per cerium; proton activity affects the potential strongly. A poorly conducting film can slow further growth.

A constraint on jointly improving components such as growth, survival and reproduction under specified conditions. Variation in resource acquisition can mask negative relationships arising from allocation.

A measurable characteristic relevant to plant performance or ecological effects. A convenient trait measurement is not automatically a direct assay of lifetime genotype fitness.

Differences in ecological use or response that can reduce competition among species. Stable coexistence requires the relevant recovery-when-rare conditions, not merely the observation of different traits.

The hypothesis that abundant species' traits strongly influence ecosystem processes. It motivates separating effects of dominant-species identity from effects of species interactions or richness.

The average-relative-yield component of a biodiversity-effect partition. A positive value can arise from resource partitioning, facilitation or other mechanisms and is not uniquely diagnostic of one interaction.^[ref]

The component of a biodiversity-effect partition reflecting covariance between monoculture yield and mixture relative-yield change. The name does not imply evolutionary natural selection.^[ref]

A mixture yielding more than its best monoculture comparator under matched conditions. It is stronger evidence against a pure best-species sampling explanation than exceeding a weighted monoculture average, but does not identify the physiological cause.

Variation among species in their responses to environmental change, especially among species contributing similar ecosystem effects. Different responses can support persistence of functions across changing conditions.

Variation among living organisms and their biological organization. For ecosystem-function experiments, distinguish the number of species from their identities, relative abundances and functional differences.

An atmospheric flux method using covariance of rapid vertical-velocity and concentration fluctuations. Its footprint and transport assumptions matter; the measured exchange is not automatically a complete budget including harvested or dissolved exports.

Experimental elevation of atmospheric carbon dioxide around vegetation without enclosing it in a chamber. Replicated ambient controls and complete carbon and nutrient budgets are needed to connect photosynthetic responses to net storage.

The difference between saturation and actual water-vapour pressure. It quantifies atmospheric drying demand and can increase under warming even when the change in rainfall is small.

Loss of all members of a lineage. Local disappearance is an extirpation and must be distinguished from global extinction, especially when interpreting a regional fossil record.

An organism consuming plant material. Plant-part selection and digestive strategy can differ substantially among herbivores.

Division of habitat into smaller or more isolated patches. Effects of changed connectivity must be distinguished from effects of reduced total habitat area.