Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen received the award for discovering X-rays.[ref]
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1901 by Nobel Prize Outreach. Official summary: laureates, prize shares and motivation
The Röntgen X-ray discovery experiment follows how a glowing screen led to tests of a new penetrating electromagnetic radiation.Hendrik Antoon Lorentz and Pieter Zeeman shared the award equally for research on magnetic influences on electromagnetic radiation.[ref]
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1902 by Nobel Prize Outreach. Official summary: laureates, prize shares and motivation
The Zeeman discovery experiment of 1896 connects this award to changes in spectral lines.One half went to Henri Becquerel for discovering spontaneous radioactivity. Pierre Curie and Marie Curie each received one quarter for investigating that radiation.[ref]
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903 by Nobel Prize Outreach. Official summary: laureates, prize shares and motivation
Becquerel's uranium-radiation experiment and Curie ionization-current measurement expose two complementary experimental routes into radioactivity.Lord Rayleigh received the award for gas-mass density investigations and the discovery of argon.[ref]
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1904 by Nobel Prize Outreach. Official summary: laureates, prize shares and motivation
The Rayleigh-Ramsay argon density experiment shows how a small reproducible density discrepancy can reveal a new chemical element.Philipp Lenard received the award for research on cathode rays.[ref]
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1905 by Nobel Prize Outreach. Official summary: laureates, prize shares and motivation
The Lenard cathode-ray window experiment separates the source region from the region where the emerging electrons are studied.Joseph John Thomson received the award for theoretical and experimental research on electric currents through gases.[ref]
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1906 by Nobel Prize Outreach. Official summary: laureates, prize shares and motivation
The Thomson charge-to-mass experiment connects cathode rays to the measurable charge-to-mass ratio of an electron.Albert Abraham Michelson received the award for precise optical instruments and their use in spectroscopy and metrology.[ref]
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1907 by Nobel Prize Outreach. Official summary: laureates, prize shares and motivation
The Michelson interferometer converts relative wave phase into a readout for precise length measurements.Gabriel Lippmann received the award for a photographic colour-recording method based on interference.[ref]
All Nobel Prizes in Physics by Nobel Prize Outreach. Physics 1908: laureate and award motivation
The Lippmann colour-recording experiment stores a standing wave pattern in a photographic layer.Guglielmo Marconi and Karl Ferdinand Braun shared the award equally for developing wireless telegraphy.[ref]
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1909 by Nobel Prize Outreach. Official summary: laureates, prize shares and motivation
Braun's receiver coupling experiment connects that history to resonance and the selectivity of a receiver.Johannes Diderik van der Waals received the award for an equation of state describing gases and liquids.[ref]
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1910 by Nobel Prize Outreach. Official summary: laureates, prize shares and motivation
The Van der Waals equation connects that description to a Van der Waals critical point and Van der Waals liquid-gas coexistence.Wilhelm Wien received the award for discoveries concerning the laws of thermal radiation.[ref]
All Nobel Prizes in Physics by Nobel Prize Outreach. Physics 1911: laureate and award motivation
Wien's displacement law connects a blackbody spectrum's peak wavelength to its temperature.Awarded to Gustaf Dalén for automatic regulators used with gas accumulators for lighthouse and buoy lighting. The sun valve and Dalén light connect the award to mechanical engineering.[ref]
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1912 by Nobel Prize Outreach. Official award record: automatic regulators and marine lighting
Awarded to Heike Kamerlingh Onnes for investigations of matter at low temperatures, including helium liquefaction. The award's scope includes the experimental means of reaching those conditions.[ref]
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1913 by Nobel Prize Outreach. Official award record: low-temperature properties and liquid-helium production
Awarded to Max von Laue for the discovery of X-ray diffraction by crystals.[ref]
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1914 by Nobel Prize Outreach. Official award record: laureate and diffraction subject
Awarded jointly to William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg for methods of determining crystal structures using X-rays. Bragg's law connects measured angles to lattice-plane spacings.[ref]
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1915 by Nobel Prize Outreach. Official award record: laureates and crystal-structure subject
No award was made that year.[ref]
Facts on the Nobel Prize in Physics by Nobel Prize Outreach. Years without an award: 1916 is one of the six listed
Awarded to Charles Glover Barkla for characteristic X-rays of the chemical elements; he received it in 1918. The Barkla characteristic X-ray experiment describes the experimental separation of components.[ref]
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1917 by Nobel Prize Outreach. Official award record: Barkla, characteristic radiation and deferred receipt in 1918
Awarded to Max Planck for the discovery of energy quanta; he received it in 1919. Planck's law connects quantization with the measured spectrum of black-body radiation.[ref]
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1918 by Nobel Prize Outreach. Official award record: Planck, energy quanta and deferred receipt in 1919
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