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Formation of a coordination complex through association of a central chemical atom or ion with donor groups. Different oxidation states can have different complex stabilities, coupling complexation to redox equilibrium.

Coordination chemistry studies coordination complexes, including their ligands in coordination chemistry, structures and reactions.

A coordination complex contains a central atom, often a metal ion, bound to surrounding ligands in coordination chemistry. The metal oxidation state and the ligand donor types are separate pieces of its description.

A coordination complex that retains donor sites capable of binding additional metal ions. Distinguishable internal and external coordination sites permit hierarchical construction of heterometallic assemblies.

A coordination complex with four carbon-bound cyanide ligands and a formal nickel(II), $d^8$, centre. Square planar molecular geometry permits a low-spin complex with no unpaired electrons.