A Fermi surface is the codimension-one surface in momentum space separating occupied and unoccupied zero-temperature states of a fermionic system.
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The Fermi surface is a concept in solid-state physics that describes the collection of energy states occupied by electrons in a metal or a semiconductor at absolute zero temperature. It is a critical concept in understanding the electronic properties of materials, particularly in relation to their conductivity and other physical behaviors. In more detail, the Fermi surface is defined in the context of the Fermi energy, which is the highest energy level occupied by electrons at absolute zero.