Ciro Santilli @cirosantilli 37

This technique has managed to determine protein 3D structures for proteins that people were not able to crystallize for X-ray crystallography.

It is said however that cryoEM is even fiddlier than X-ray crystallography, so it is mostly attempted if crystallization attempts fail.

By looking at Figure 1. "A cryoEM image", you can easily understand the basics of cryoEM.

We just put a gazillion copies of our molecule of interest in a solution, and then image all of them in the frozen water.

Each one of them appears in the image in a random rotated view, so given enough of those point of view images, we can deduce the entire 3D structure of the molecule.

Ciro Santilli once watched a talk by Richard Henderson about cryoEM circa 2020, where he mentioned that he witnessed some students in the 1980's going to Germany, and coming into contact with early cryoEM. And when they came back, they just told their principal investigator: "I'm going to drop my PhD theme and focus exclusively on cryoEM". That's how hot the cryo thing was! So cool.

A "Cryptocurrency swapper" is a service that swaps one type of cryptocurrency for another.

It is basically the same as buying and selling from exchanges for fiat, except that you only get fiat.

Swappers are in general able to receive send coins from any address, including self custody addresses.

Centralized swappers were a good way to workaround the endless Monero bans from exchanges circa 2024, e.g. x.com/cirosantilli/status/1771900725649371240 as they effectively serve as proxies for exchanges that are still legal in other countries.

They will eventually have to ban Monero of course, and then the only way left will be decentralized exchanges.

This leads to a scenario where the only effective way to ban Monero is to also ban all other cryptocurrencies. The question is if countries will go that far or not.

Very good open source book: github.com/csound-flossmanual/csound-floss

Includes introduction to the basic sound synthesis and their implementation in Csound.

Examples run on browser via Emscripten and just worked on Ubuntu 20.04!

Examples can also be downloaded all at once from: www.csound-tutorial.net/floss_manual/ Shame not in Git as standalone files.

flossmanual.csound.com/sound-synthesis/subtractive-synthesis covers Minimoog-like subtractive synthesis.

Other examples include:

That example calculates and displays the final widths via JavaScript, making it easier to understand the calculations being done.

Answers: stackoverflow.com/questions/28473807/how-does-flex-grow0-get-interpreted/69995712#69995712

Bibliography:

There seems to be no way without a pipe, you seem to need to reparse the columns, e.g. the tutorial at: csvkit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorial/2_examining_the_data.html#csvgrep-find-the-data-you-need does:

Asked at: stackoverflow.com/questions/77266699/how-to-fillter-a-csv-file-with-csvgrep-and-print-only-certain-columns

Lit. "to kick (leather) ball".

Figures notbaly in Water Margin, where it is played by Gao Qiu. The novel also suggests that it was considered a lesser art, e.g. as opposed to the scholarly four arts and the "proper" martial arts.

How to build it: math.stackexchange.com/questions/3137319/how-in-general-does-one-construct-a-cycle-graph-for-a-group/3162746#3162746 good answer with ASCII art. You basically just pick each element, and repeatedly apply it, and remove any path that has a longer version.

Immediately gives the generating set of a group by looking at elements adjacent to the origin, and more generally the order of each element.

TODO uniqueness: can two different groups have the same cycle graph? It does not seem to tell us how every element interact with every other element, only with itself. This is in contrast with the Cayley graph, which more accurately describes group structure (but does not give the order of elements as directly), so feels like it won't be unique.

A concise to describe a specific permutation.

A permutation group can then be described in terms of the generating set of a group of specific elements given in cycle notation.

E.g. en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mathieu_group&oldid=1034060469#Permutation_groups mentions that the Mathieu group $M_{11}$ is generated by three elements:which feels quite compact for a simple group with 95040 elements, doesn't it!

Take the element and apply it to itself. Then again. And so on.

In the case of a finite group, you have to eventually reach the identity element again sooner or later, giving you the order of an element of a group.

The continuous analogue for the cycle of a group are the one parameter subgroups. In the continuous case, you sometimes reach identity again and to around infinitely many times (which always happens in the finite case), but sometimes you don't.

Bibliography: discuss.bbchallenge.org/t/decider-cyclers/33

Example: bbchallenge.org/279081.

These are very simple, they just check for exact state repetitions, which obviously imply that they will run forever.

Unfortunately, cyclers may need to run through an initial setup phase before reaching the initial cycle point, which is not very elegant.

Also, we have no way of knowing the initial setup length of the actual cycle length, so we just need an arbitrary cutoff value.

And unfortunately, this can lead to misses, e.g. Skelet machine #1, a 5 state machine, has a (translated) cycle that starts at around 50-200M steps, and takes 8 trillion steps to repeat.

The United Kingdom is a great place to cycle in general as there's plenty of small country roads and interesting new small towns to discover, perhaps much like the rest of Europe, as opposed to the United States, which likely has some huge infinitely long straight roads with a lot of nothing in between.

Of particular interest is the large amount of airfields and small air raid shelters in the fields, an ominous reminder of world war 2. The airfields are in various states, from functional military fields, many converted to civilian usage, some have barely any tarmac left but still see usage. And some were just completely abandoned and decayed and became recreation grounds and farms. The UK is therefore also a great place to be if you want to learn to fly as a hobby!

Good starting point:

Next, you want to decide about nice destinations to reach/go through, and these are good ideas to look into:

Composed by Wang Huiran in 1960.

The Yi people are one of the 55 Chinese ethnic minorities officially recognized by the Chinese government.

His website is down as of 2020, shame: wiki.dandascalescu.com/essays/english-universal-language

This dude is interesting. Quite crazy type. It is hard to differentiate genius from mad.

Ciro Santilli bumps on his Stack Overflow from time to time: stackoverflow.com/users/1269037/dan-dascalescu.

Official announcement: magic.wizards.com/en/articles/archive/news/depictions-racism-magic-2020-06-10

List of cards with images: www.hipstersofthecoast.com/2020/06/wizards-bans-7-cards-that-depict-racism-including-invoke-prejudice/

By Wizards of the Coast, parent company of Magic: The Gathering.

Reddit discussion: www.reddit.com/r/mtgfinance/comments/h0kb84/depictions_of_racism_in_magic_aka_invoke/

A tiny idealized magnet! It is a very good model if you have a small strong magnet interacting with objects that are far away, notably other magnetic dipoles or a constant magnetic field.

The cool thing about this model is that we have simple explicit formulas for the magnetic field it produces, and for how this little magnet is affected by a magnetic field or by another magnetic dipole.

This is the perfect model for electron spin, but it can also be representative of macroscopic systems in the right circumstances.

The intuition for the name is likely that "dipole" means "both poles are on the same spot".

Like all big names in science, she was at the right place at the right time and with the right interest and passion.

Notably, the man she married, Pierre Curie, happened to be a the world master at precisely the technique that she needed to carefully measure radioactivity: he had the most precise electrometers in the world, which allowed to detect small amounts of radioactivity via the ionization of air by radiation . These used piezoelectricity, which Pierre Curie co-discovered with his brother.

Ubuntu 20.10 as per xmrig.com/docs/miner/build/ubuntu:At minexmr.com/#getting_started we see that all you then need is a single CLI command:Seems simple, well done devs!

Benchmark on Lenovo ThinkPad P51 (2017) as per xmrig.com/docs/miner/benchmark:gives:which according to the minexmr.com mining pool would generate 0.0005 XMR/day, which at the February 2021 rate of 140 USD/XMR is 0.07 USD/day. The minimum payout in that pool is 0.004 XMR so it would take 8 days to reach that.

So clearly, application-specific integrated circuit mining is the only viable way of doing this.

Some people considering Raspberry Pis also conclude obviously that it is useless at a 10H/s rate:

www.makeuseof.com/cryptos-you-can-mine-at-home/ is a completely full of bullshit article that says otherwise. How can someone publish that!

Of course those racist Nazis are a bunch of idiots, but how can you be surprised when freedom-of-speech focused tech gets used by them? www.theverge.com/2019/7/12/20691957/mastodon-decentralized-social-network-gab-migration-fediverse-app-blocking

Obviously, a few large instances dominate the user base for all practical purposes: kevq.uk/centralisation-and-mastodon/. And likely the network splits into hate-speech/non-hate-speech blacklist boundaries. And since the dominating closed networks will never lose user counts (???), the only instance that dominates will be the main hate speech one.

The flagship instance was mastodon.social and then in 2020 they closed signups for it and created a secondary mastodon.online.

The multi-instance thing is confusing and problematic. E.g. replies and likes might not show up across instances in some occasions: www.reddit.com/r/Mastodon/comments/ynt7ta/is_there_a_way_to_see_post_replies_displayed_on/

The "advanced interface" feature is bad. Really bad. MacOS file browser inspired.