List of High-temperature superconductors Updated +Created
Peter Todd's hash collision puzzles Updated +Created
As mentioned at the prize was claimed at 8d31992805518fd62daa3bdd2a5c4fd2cd3054c9b3dca1d78055e9528cff6adc (2017-02-23) which spends several inputs with the same unlock script that presents two different constantants that have the same SHA-1:
printf 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 | xxd -r -p | sha1sum
printf 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 | xxd -r -p | sha1sum
both giving
f92d74e3874587aaf443d1db961d4e26dde13e9c
It was claimed on the same day that Google disclosed the collision: security.googleblog.com/2017/02/announcing-first-sha1-collision.html
Both of these are PDF prefixes, so they start with the PDF file signature, but are not fully viewable PDFs on their own.
ABC notation Updated +Created
A decent way to write diatonic music as plaintext!
Conversion to MIDI with abcmidi.
No bend/vibratto/slides :-(
AI training robot simulation Updated +Created
Alain Aspect Updated +Created
Video 1.
Alain Aspect in Quantum entanglement Documentary (1985)
Source. The moustache and broken English were already his trademarks back then!!! Also cool to get a glimpse of his lab, and good schematics of the experiment. TODO exact lab location? Documentary says in Paris, but where?
Albuquerque, New Mexico Updated +Created
Algorithm cheatsheet Updated +Created
Draft by Ciro Santilli with cross language input/output test cases: github.com/cirosantilli/algorithm-cheat
Filtration with vacuum pump Updated +Created
The first thing we did was to filter the water samples with a membrane filter that is so fine that not even bacteria can pass through, but water can.
Therefore, after filtration, we would have all particles such as bacteria and larger dirt pieces in the filter.
From the 1 liter in each bottle, we only used 400 ml because previous experiments showed that filtering the remaining 600 ml is very time consuming because the membrane filter gets clogged up.
Therefore, the filtration step allows us to reduce those 400 ml volumes to more manageable Eppendorf tube volumes: Figure 1. "An Eppendorf tube". Reagents are expensive, and lab bench centrifuges are small!
Figure 1. . Source. They are small, convenient and disposable.
Figure 2.
Labelled Eppendorf tubes on a rack
. Source.
Since the filter is so fine, filtering by gravity alone would take forever, and so we used a vacuum pump to speed thing up!
Figure 3.
Peeling the vacuum pump filter protection peel before usage
. Source.
Figure 4.
Placing the vacuum pump filter
. Source.
Video 1.
Pouring the water sample into the vacuum tube and turning on the vacuum pump
. Source.
Abelian group Updated +Created
Easily classified as the direct product of cyclic groups of prime order.
A blog in every web framework Updated +Created
A (multi-user) blog is the hello world of the web, so creating one of those is the best way to quickly evaluate web technology, i.e. time to Hello World.
Some new frameworks like FeathersJS are making a chat app instead, as that highlights the push notifications a bit better.
Abugida Updated +Created
Somewhat midway between a syllabary and an alphabet: you write out consonants, and vowels are "punctuation-like-modifiers".
E.g.: the main Hindi script (devanagari) and most other Indian languages.
AC adapter Updated +Created
Alpha Investments Updated +Created
Very good channel that gives some idea of the behind the scenes of working with card stores and secondary market trading.
Such lessons can have applicability in business and investment outside of the Magic The Gathering context as well. Yet another example that usefulness can come out of uselessness.
Video 1.
The Process of Opening a MTG Store by Alpha Investments (2016)
Source.
Video 2.
Spending $500,000 per month on Pokemon & Magic by Alpha Investments (2021)
Source.
activatedgeek/LeNet-5 Updated +Created
Good packaging! Tested on Ubuntu 22.10:
git clone https://github.com/activatedgeek/LeNet-5
cd LeNet-5
git checkout 95b55a838f9d90536fd3b303cede12cf8b5da47f
virtualenv -p python3 .venv
. .venv/bin/activate

# Their requirements.txt uses >= and some == are incompatible with our Ubuntu.
pip install
  Pillow==6.2.0 \
  numpy==1.24.2 \
  onnx==1.13.1 \
  torch==2.0.0 \
  torchvision==0.15.1 \
  visdom==0.2.4 \
;

time python run.py
This throws a billion exceptions because we didn't start the visdom server, but never mind that.
The scrip does a fixed 15 epochs.
Output on P51:
real    2m10.262s
user    11m9.771s
sys     0m26.368s
The run also produces a lenet.onnx ONNX file, which is pretty neat, and allows us for example to visualize it on Netron:
Figure 1.
Netron visualization of the activatedgeek/LeNet-5 ONNX output
. From this we can see the bifurcation on the computational graph as done in the code at:
output = self.c1(img)
x = self.c2_1(output)
output = self.c2_2(output)
output += x
output = self.c3(output)
This doesn't seem to conform to the original LeNet-5 however?
Amniote Updated +Created
Name origin: amnion, a pellicle that covers embryos of both eggs and also during pregnancy.
Includes:
Does not include amphibians. If you include them, you have the tetrapods.
Amniote subclade Updated +Created
Amoeba Updated +Created
This group is a mess.
But one thing you should really know, as often mentioned in Power, Sex, Suicide by Nick Lane (2006): they are all eukaryotes.
Because prokaryotes are fundamentally unable to do phagocytosis, because they have a rigid cell wall. Changing cell shape at will requires a cytoskeleton.

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