Chemical species

A chemical species is a class of chemically identical entities treated as one component of a reaction system.

$\mathrm{R}{\mathrm{O}}^{-}$, the conjugate base of an alcohol.

The conjugate base of a propanol; the straight-chain form is CH3CH2CH2O−. A specified isomer matters in product structures.

A lithium salt of ethoxide. Its reactive oxygen donor and lithium-centred acceptor can participate in complementary contacts with an ester; solvation and aggregation affect a detailed orbital description.

$(\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_3{)}_3\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{O}}^{-}$, a bulky alkoxide base, often used in elimination reactions.

$\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_3\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{O}}^{-}$, the conjugate base of ethanol.

$\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{-}$, the conjugate base of methanol.

The mole fraction of species $i$ is $x_i=N_i/{\sum }_j{N}_j$, where $N_i$ is its amount in moles. It is dimensionless and equals the volume mixing ratio for an ideal gas mixture.

For an ideal gas mixture, the volume mixing ratio $x_i$ equals the mole fraction, number fraction, and ratio of partial to total pressure: $x_i=N_i/N=n_i/n=P_i/P$, with ${\sum }_i{x}_i=1$. This equivalence fails for general nonideal mixtures.