Scattering that resolves the constituents of a hadron at large spacelike momentum transfer, with an inclusive sum over final hadron states.
Here . In the leading massless collinear parton approximation, this kinematic variable equals the momentum fraction of the struck parton.
The inclusive product of hadronic-current matrix elements, summed over final states with a Lorentz-invariant phase-space measure. Electromagnetic current conservation makes both indices transverse to the exchanged four-momentum.
The two scalar coefficients in the unpolarized electromagnetic hadronic tensor. Extra polarization or parity-violating currents can require further coefficients.
In the massless-target convention, the Callan-Gross relation sets this coefficient to zero at leading order in the parton model.
The product of lepton-current matrix elements with a specified spin sum or spin average. Its normalization must be stated when quoting a differential scattering cross-section.
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Deep inelastic scattering (DIS) is a high-energy particle physics process that provides insights into the internal structure of protons, neutrons, and other hadrons. It involves the scattering of high-energy electrons (or other leptons) off of protons or neutrons, where the energy of the lepton is high enough that it can probe the internal quark and gluon constituents of the target hadron.