Natural units ($\hslash =c=1$)

Natural units choose units so that selected fundamental constants have numerical value one. In relativistic quantum field theory the standard choice is $\hslash =c=1$: energy, mass and inverse length then have the same units. This is a convention, not a physical change of the constants; other natural-unit systems may also normalize other constants.

Planck units use fundamental constants to set natural units of mass, length and time. The displayed convention sets the ordinary Planck mass to one. The related reduced Planck units convention instead normalizes the reduced Planck mass.

Here the reduced Planck mass $M_{\mathrm{Pl}}=(8\pi G{)}^{-1/2}$ is one, so the Friedmann equation for an energy density $\rho$ is $3H^2=\rho$. This differs by a factor of $\sqrt{8\pi }$ from setting the ordinary Planck mass to one; the convention must be stated in inflationary amplitudes.