A supermassive black hole has a mass of roughly or more and commonly occupies the nucleus of a massive galaxy.
Active-galactic-nucleus feedback transfers radiative or mechanical energy and momentum from black-hole accretion to surrounding galactic gas.
A dusty radiation-pressure-driven shell is swept up when ultraviolet radiation from an active nucleus is absorbed by dust and reradiated in the infrared. Single scattering supplies up to roughly of momentum flux, while trapped infrared photons can enhance it by the infrared optical depth.
The dust transparency radius is where a swept shell's ultraviolet optical depth equals one. For a gas fraction in a singular isothermal sphere, .
Articles by others on the same topic
A supermassive black hole is a type of black hole that has a mass that is millions to billions of times greater than that of the Sun. These black holes are typically found at the centers of galaxies, including our own Milky Way. Key characteristics of supermassive black holes include: 1. **Mass**: They range from about one million solar masses to several billion solar masses. Their immense gravity affects the motions of stars and gas in their vicinity.