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The study and construction of molecular assemblies held together through noncovalent interactions, including recognition, host–guest complexes and self-assembly.
An atomistic model using a fitted potential-energy function of nuclear positions, commonly with bond, angle, torsion and nonbonded terms. Electronic effects enter parametrically rather than through explicit electronic wavefunctions or densities.
Inorganic chemistry studies the structures, bonding, reactions, and properties of inorganic substances, including coordination complexes, metals, minerals, salts, and extended solids. Its scope overlaps organic chemistry when carbon-containing ligands or metal-carbon bonds are involved.
For example, changing a metal ion's ligands can alter its geometry, color, magnetic state, and reaction pathways. Studying that change requires both molecular electronic structure and evidence from measurements such as spectroscopy or diffraction.
Computational representation, comparison and modelling of chemical structures.
Organophosphorus chemistry studies organic compounds containing phosphorus, including their structures, bonding, and reactions. Direct phosphorus-carbon bonds occur in phosphonate esters, while phosphorus-oxygen-carbon connections occur in phosphate esters.
Different functional groups support different reactions. A phosphorus ylide can convert a carbonyl group into an alkene in a Wittig reaction, showing how a phosphorus-containing reagent can construct a new carbon-carbon bond.
Age-associated deterioration in survival or reproductive performance. antagonistic pleiotropy can favor an allele with an early reproductive benefit despite a later cost; this does not require deterioration itself to be beneficial.
Oxygen availability low relative to cellular or tissue requirements. It can alter metabolism, signalling and treatment responses.
Biologically controlled or influenced production of mineral material. Its evolutionary distribution affects mechanical function and the probability that a body part enters the fossil record.
Computational organization and analysis of biological information. Comparing sequences, annotating genes and analyzing expression measurements requires both algorithms and biological assumptions; a numerical similarity score alone does not establish a shared function.
Measurement of single-particle mass through its contribution to an optical scattering signal. Unlike size-exclusion chromatography, its principal size readout is mass rather than hydrodynamic size.
The study of microorganisms and their activities. Microscopy, cultivation and sequence-based observations reveal complementary aspects of microbial life; an organism not detected by one cultivation condition is not thereby absent from the original sample.
Control of iron uptake, storage, utilization and release. post-transcriptional regulation can coordinate these processes without requiring all regulated transcripts to change in the same direction.
A field studying how interactions among biological components generate system-level behavior, using quantitative measurements, perturbations and mathematical models.
Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project
Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
Intro to OurBigBook
. Source. We have two killer features:
- topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculusArticles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
- a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
- a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
Figure 1. Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page. View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivativeVideo 2. OurBigBook Web topics demo. Source. - local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
- to OurBigBook.com to get awesome multi-user features like topics and likes
- as HTML files to a static website, which you can host yourself for free on many external providers like GitHub Pages, and remain in full control
Figure 2. You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either OurBigBook.com or as a static website.
Figure 3. Visual Studio Code extension installation.
Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally. Video 3. Edit locally and publish demo. Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension. 
- Infinitely deep tables of contents:
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact