A particle suspension is a dispersed population of solid particles carried by a fluid. Its dynamics couple particle transport, drag force, gravity, and the compensating motion of the carrier fluid.
The particle volume fraction is the fraction of a representative mixture volume occupied by particles. Several particle species have fractions , while the carrier-fluid fraction is .
A bidisperse particle suspension contains two distinguishable particle populations, commonly with different sizes, densities, or settling velocities.
When two species share the same local settling velocity, their total particle volume fraction supports a nonlinear kinematic wave, while their relative composition is transported as a contact-like wave at the common particle speed.
The settling velocity is a particle's vertical velocity relative to a stated frame. With height increasing upward, a sedimenting particle has .
The Stokes settling velocity is the terminal relative velocity obtained by balancing gravity, buoyancy, and the Stokes drag law for a dilute isolated sphere.
Hindered settling is the reduction or modification of particle settling by the displaced carrier-fluid backflow and by interactions with other particles. A simple dilute mixture model gives every species the same volume-averaged backflow.
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