Banach–Stone theorem 2026-10-05
A surjective linear isometry between compact Hausdorff function spaces has the form , where is a homeomorphism and is continuous with modulus one. Thus the Banach space structure of determines up to homeomorphism.
The radial map is a homeomorphism from to the unit disc, with inverse . A conformal equivalence in that direction would be a nonconstant bounded entire function, contradicting the Liouville theorem.
For a T0 space , evaluation against all continuous maps is a homeomorphism onto its image under the map
into a power of the Sierpiński space. The axiom makes it injective, and the coordinate inverse images of recover every open subset of .
Fiber monodromy Created 2026-10-05 Updated 2026-10-06
A fiber monodromy is the return homeomorphism of the fiber of a bundle over . Its mapping torus reconstructs the total space.
Geometry and topology Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-24
Homeomorphism invariance of the fixed-point property Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-24
If is a homeomorphism and has the fixed-point property, then a continuous induces . A fixed point of the conjugate map is carried by to a fixed point of .
Homology of an integer torus endomorphism Created 2026-10-05 Updated 2026-10-06
On the torus , an integer matrix defines an endomorphism. The coordinate circles give a basis of the first homology group, and the induced map on that group is . The Künneth theorem identifies higher integral homology with the exterior powers of , so the degree- map is . In top degree it is multiplication by . The map is a homeomorphism precisely when is a unimodular matrix; a merely nonsingular integer matrix need not have an integer inverse.
A continuous bijection that is an open map is a homeomorphism. If and is open in the original domain, then is open by the open-map property. This proves continuity of the inverse directly.
Left shift 2026-10-05
On a two-sided full shift, the left shift is the homeomorphism
Its inverse sends to . On a one-sided sequence space, the same forward shift is generally not invertible.
Local trivialization Created 2026-10-05 Updated 2026-10-06
A local trivialization of a fiber bundle over an open set is a homeomorphism commuting with the projections to . For a vector bundle, it must be linear on each fiber. Compatible local trivializations specify the bundle structure and give its transition functions on overlaps.
Mapping torus Created 2026-09-28 Updated 2026-10-05
The mapping torus of is
If is a homeomorphism, the projection to the circle is a fiber bundle with fiber . For a general continuous map, the mapping torus need not be a fiber bundle, but its homology still has the Wang sequence.
For a continuous self-map , the mapping torus has the Wang sequence even when is not a homeomorphism. Cover the time circle by a seam neighborhood and an interval away from the seam. Their inverse images retract to : the seam neighborhood is a mapping cylinder, and the other is a product. Their intersection retracts to two copies of . The Mayer–Vietoris sequence map on homology is, after consistent choices of signs,
Invertible changes of coordinates reduce it to the direct sum of and an isomorphism. Canceling the isomorphism summands gives the Wang sequence. This proof does not assume a fiber bundle structure for a noninvertible .
Mirror of a link 2026-10-05
Apply an orientation-reversing homeomorphism of to a link and transport its component orientations. Reflection through the projection plane produces a link diagram by switching every crossing.
Nilpotent thickening 2026-10-05
A nilpotent thickening is a closed immersion defined by a nilpotent ideal sheaf of a closed subscheme. Its underlying topological map is a homeomorphism, because every prime ideal contains every nilpotent element. For example, quotienting the dual numbers by changes the structure sheaf without changing the single point of the spectrum.
With a consistent surgery orientation convention, and are orientation-preservingly related by a homeomorphism exactly when . An orientation-reversing homeomorphism instead requires .