Double fertilization 2026-10-14
In the common angiosperm arrangement, one sperm fuses with the ovum to form a diploid zygote; another fuses with the central biological cell's two polar cell nuclei, initiating endosperm with three chromosome sets. The zygote develops into a plant embryo, and the ovule develops into a seed.[ref]
For an original counting example, stipulate a plant with chromosomes and the common two-polar-nucleus arrangement. Each haploid sperm and ovum contributes . The zygote therefore has chromosomes, while the initiating endosperm cell nucleus has . The maternal seed coat remains derived from plant tissue; the whole seed has no single uniform chromosome count. This is bookkeeping for a stipulated example, not identification of a particular species. It follows by counting the chromosome sets entering each fusion, rather than assigning one count to everything enclosed by a seed coat.
Pollen Created 2026-10-14 Updated 2026-10-14
An angiosperm pollen grain is a small male gametophyte, not itself a seed or a single gamete. Its tube-forming biological cell supports delivery of sperm.[ref]
Observing the growth of pollen tubes (Practical Biology). Teaching notes: pollen grain and tube as male gametophyte
Pollen tube 2026-10-14
A growing extension from a pollen grain. In a compatible flower, the pollen tube provides a route for sperm to the angiosperm female gametophyte.[ref]