The discovery of the photon was one of the major initiators of quantum mechanics.
Light was very well known to be a wave through diffraction experiments. So how could it also be a particle???
This process "started" in 1900 with Planck's law which was based on discrete energy packets being exchanged as exposed at On the Theory of the Energy Distribution Law of the Normal Spectrum by Max Planck (1900).
This ideas was reinforced by Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect in 1905 in terms of photon.
In the next big development was the Bohr model in 1913, which supposed non-classical physics new quantization rules for the electron which explained the hydrogen emission spectrum. The quantization rule used made use of the Planck constant, and so served an initial link between the emerging quantized nature of light, and that of the electron.
The final phase started in 1923, when Louis de Broglie proposed that in analogy to photons, electrons might also be waves, a statement made more precise through the de Broglie relations.
This event opened the floodgates, and soon matrix mechanics was published in quantum mechanical re-interpretation of kinematic and mechanical relations by Heisenberg (1925), as the first coherent formulation of quantum mechanics.
It was followed by the Schrödinger equation in 1926, which proposed an equivalent partial differential equation formulation to matrix mechanics, a mathematical formulation that was more familiar to physicists than the matrix ideas of Heisenberg.
Inward Bound by Abraham Pais (1988) summarizes his views of the main developments of the subjectit:
- Planck's on the discovery of the quantum theory (1900);
- Einstein's on the light-quantum (1905);
- Bohr's on the hydrogen atom (1913);
- Bose's on what came to be called quantum statistics (1924);
- Heisenberg's on what came to be known as matrix mechanics (1925);
- and Schroedinger's on wave mechanics (1926).
Bibliography:
This book series appears to be the one: global.oup.com/academic/content/series/h/history-of-the-university-of-oxford-huo/. A mere 250 pounds+ each.
- youtu.be/uol4V1Wa8B0?t=343 at the University of Bologna, the original system was for students to decide what they would learn, and hire and fire teachers as they decided. This is opposed to the system of the university of Paris, in which teachers make the final decisions. He mentions that this is the system that the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge use: the "congregation". He mentions that Oxbridge are one of the few universities that maintained this structure (as opposed to having funding sources select the final decision makers)
- youtu.be/uol4V1Wa8B0?t=1327 mentions the quadrangle architecture which served as the basis of the Colleges: make a closed square with everything students need: Chapel, Hall to eat, classes and accommodation. This is based of course on monastic cloisters.
Chuck Norris counted to infinity. Twice.
Some notable examples:
Subcase of antisymmetric multilinear map:
If session autosave was finally mainlined, this would be Nirvana.
CIA 2010 covert communication websites Find missing hits in IP ranges Updated 2025-06-17 +Created 1970-01-01
It is because there was nothing there, or just because we don't have a good enough reverse IP database?
It is possible that DomainTools could help with a more complete database, but its access is extremely expensive and out of reach at the moment.
Putting 140 USD into WhoisXMLAPI to get all whois histories of interest for possible reverse searches would also be of interest.
It does not matter how, if it is exact, or numerical, or a message from God: a number has to come out of the formulas in the end, and you have to compare it with the experimental data.
Many theoretical physicists seem to forget this in their lectures, see also: Section "How to teach and learn physics".
- Suck at your job:
- Have bad memory so you have to take notes: Ciro Santilli's bad old event memory
- Be a compulsive knowledge hoarder: Ciro Santilli's knowledge hoarding
- Seek glory over money: Ciro Santilli's selfish desires
- Try to make a carrier out of it: OurBigBook.com
- Be born compassionate: Ciro Santilli's self perceived compassionate personality
- He doesn't actually write that much, but when he does he focuses on higher impact stuff, see remarks about "He doesn't like to refresh the homepage looking for easy reputation" on Section "Ciro Santilli's Stack Overflow contributions"
- Contribute in a place where it is super easy for people to give you upvotes if they like your stuff. This way, you will see the uploads, and that will motivate you to re-read your content and make it more perfect with additions and corrections.
Just like for the finite general linear group, the definition of special also works for finite fields, where 1 is the multiplicative identity!
Note that the definition of orthogonal group may not have such a clear finite analogue on the other hand.
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