Population genetics studies the frequencies of alleles and genotypes in populations, and their changes through inheritance, mutation, selection, migration and random sampling. Kingman's coalescent describes a neutral sample's ancestry backward in time.
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Population genetics is a subfield of genetics that focuses on the distribution and change in frequency of alleles (gene variants) within populations. It combines principles from genetics, evolutionary biology, and ecology to understand how genetic variation is maintained, how populations evolve, and how evolutionary forces such as natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow affect the genetic structure of populations over time.
