In the case of indel mutations (see limits of gel electrophoresis for minimal size difference issues), it is possible to determine the allele with gel electrophoresis. You can just read out the alleles right in the gel. It is a thing of beauty.
As of 2020, this method appears to be much cheaper than DNA sequencing approaches.
Video 1.
Gel Electrophoresis to Determine Genotype
. Source.
Yeast Updated 2025-07-16
Does not appear to refer to any one specific phylogenetic level, it usually refers to either:
Hagakure Updated 2025-07-16
Quantum Algorithm Zoo Updated 2025-07-16
The most comprehensive list is the amazing curated and commented list of quantum algorithms as of 2020.
Amnion Updated 2025-07-16
Amphibian Updated 2025-07-16
Hollerith tabulating machine Updated 2025-07-16
Video 1.
The 1890 US Census and the history of punchcard computing by Stand-up Maths (2020)
Source. It was basically a counting machine! Shows a reconstruction at the Computer History Museum.
Pocono conference Updated 2025-07-16
Followup to the Shelter Island Conference, this is where Julian Schwinger and Richard Feynman exposed their theories to explain the experiments of the previous conference.
Julian made a formal presentation that took until the afternoon and bored everyone to death, though the mathematics avoided much questioning.
Feynman then presented his revolutionary approach, which he was unable to prove basic properties of, but which gave correct results, and people were not very happy.
Public Schools Act 1868 Updated 2025-07-16
They actually abolished the original legal requirement for those institutions to have free scholars as set out by their original charity school beginnings!!! WTF!
But the broadening of scope beyond the Church of England/medieval material was a good thing at least.

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