Electric dipole moment

The electric dipole moment is the integral of position weighted by charge density.

Table of contents
- Time derivative of the electric dipole moment Electric dipole moment
- Electric dipole Electric dipole moment
  - Electric dipole-dipole interaction Electric dipole

Time derivative of the electric dipole moment

For a localized charge and current distribution satisfying charge conservation from Maxwell equations,

\dot{p} = \int J (x, t) d^{3} x .

Electric dipole

An electric dipole is a pair of equal and opposite charges in a small separation limit with their charge-times-separation vector held fixed.

Electric dipole-dipole interaction

Two point dipoles separated by

r

have interaction proportional to

\frac{p _{1} \cdot p _{2}}{r ^{3}} - \frac{3 ( p _{1} \cdot r ) ( p _{2} \cdot r )}{r ^{5}} .

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Electric dipole moment by

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The electric dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative charges within a system. It is a vector quantity that indicates the strength and direction of an electric dipole.

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