Study of the functions of plants, including photosynthesis, transport, growth and signal transduction.
A class of plant metabolites. Selected root-exuded flavonoids help induce rhizobial symbiotic signaling; this is one role among many.
A blue-light-activated receptor kinase family controlling responses including chloroplast relocation, phototropism and stomatal opening.
An Arabidopsis nitrate transporter and sensor, also called CHL1 or NPF6.3. Its nitrate-regulated auxin transport connects local nutrient conditions to lateral-root development.
A blue-light photoreceptor family with roles including plant development, circadian entrainment and photoperiodic responses.
Dependence of a biological response on the daily pattern of light and darkness, often mediated by coincidence between light and an internally timed sensitive phase.
An Arabidopsis transcriptional regulator whose timed expression and light-dependent protein regulation contribute to photoperiodic activation of FLOWERING LOCUS T.
A model in which a light-sensitive internal phase produces a response when it coincides with the external light interval. Equal total light need not produce equal responses if timing differs.
One of a pair of specialized epidermal cells controlling a stoma. Changes in solute content and turgor pressure alter pore aperture.
Allocation and regulatory conflicts between growth and defence; the sign and magnitude of the relationship depend on environment and genotype.
A component of a plant immune signaling pathway whose evolutionary conservation and loss are coupled to other pathway members.
A component of a plant immune signaling pathway whose evolutionary conservation and loss are coupled to other pathway members.
A deleterious hybrid phenotype that can arise from incompatible immune-gene interactions and inappropriate defence activation.
A host resistance and pathogen avirulence specificity relationship; it is not the complete architecture of all plant disease resistance.
The species-wide collection of NLR genes and alleles across accessions, rather than the inventory in a single reference genome.
A genomic group of related receptor genes shaped by duplication, deletion and sequence exchange; not every NLR is clustered.
A domain incorporated into an immune receptor that mimics an effector target and links its perturbation to immune recognition.
Functionally coupled receptors whose sensor and signaling activities may be partitioned between two genes. Physical linkage can help preserve their compatible inheritance.
An Arabidopsis thaliana paired immune-receptor example associated with a WRKY integrated domain in RRS1.
A flowering regulator that can also link maternal temperature history in fruit tissues to progeny dormancy.
A wheat locus promoting meiotic stability and limiting crossover between homoeologous chromosomes.
A controlled preparatory treatment that changes subsequent germination or stress responses; benefits and storage costs depend on the crop and treatment.
Variation among plants regenerated from cultured somatic cells; it can have genetic or epigenetic causes.
Methylation variation at an intronic retrotransposon associated with normal versus mantled oil-palm development; loss of methylation is associated with altered splicing and reduced yield.
An Arabidopsis thaliana gene whose ectopic expression and flowering phenotype can be associated with a stably unmethylated promoter state.
A tomato vitamin E biosynthetic gene whose expression can be influenced by methylation of a nearby promoter retrotransposon.
A prior stimulus changes the response to a subsequent challenge. Persistence may involve metabolites, proteins, regulatory feedback or chromatin; priming alone does not establish epigenetic inheritance.
A heat-shock transcription factor involved in sustained transcriptional stress memory in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Persistence of a response state within an individual after the initial stimulus has ended, distinguished from inheritance through reproduction.
Acquisition of competence to flower after prolonged cold; the molecular implementation and persistence vary among plant lineages.
The Arabis alpina FLC orthologue, whose seasonal reactivation contributes to perennial flowering behavior.
An Arabidopsis thaliana floral repressor whose stable silencing contributes to memory of prolonged cold.
Epigenetic silencing of one parental set of ribosomal RNA genes in a hybrid; it is not simply the deletion of those genes.
A plant silencing pathway in which small RNAs guide methylation at homologous chromatin. Canonical RdDM involves Pol IV, RDR2, DCL3, Argonaute and Pol V scaffold transcription.
Targeted alteration of an epigenetic state, distinguished from cutting or rewriting the target DNA sequence. Persistence after removal of the targeting factor is locus dependent.
An association analysis relating epigenomic measurements to a phenotype. Association alone does not establish causal direction or independence from genetic variation.
A line from a mapping population segregating experimentally induced epigenetic differences in a comparatively uniform genetic background. New transposon insertions and residual sequence differences still need to be assessed.
An alternative regulatory state of a locus associated with an epigenetic difference. Its stability and independence from DNA sequence variation must be tested.
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